If we consider what is needed to advance science today many responses will list a number of unsolved complex mathematical problems. However these responses would presume the major hindrance to advances in science and engineering is the resolution of known, […]

If scale is a physical continuum, then shouldn’t there be situations we must use a cross-scale approach?  What sorts of problems might require such a cross-scale approach? Consider attempting to determine the combined velocity of a small object (on earth) […]

We do consider scale as part of our reality.  We even consider it to be a continuum of reality, if not part of our 3-D model of space.  However, we experience objects as appearing differently at different scales.  Our bodies […]

To understand how basic this concept of scale is, consider specifying a point in space.  We need a reference system for this, traditionally thought of as a three-dimensional set of axes.  One axis exists for each dimension and locating a […]

The size, or scale, of objects in our world is a commonplace part of our universe.  We experience objects smaller than ourselves, like a pin, and objects larger than ourselves, like a building.  For centuries our reality did not go […]

A definition of time, from a scientific perspective, is an important question and undertaking. There is a very definite problem with ‘time’ being a physical quality or quantity. As others have asked – ‘what is physical about time’?  A particular […]